what happened to victor when he was 17

Character from Mary Shelley's 1818 novel "Frankenstein"

Victor Frankenstein
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus grapheme
Victor Frankenstein recoiling from his creation
Created past	Mary Shelley
Portrayed past	Augustus Phillips Colin Clive Cedric Hardwicke Peter Cushing Ralph Bates Kenneth Branagh Benedict Cumberbatch Sting Jonny Lee Miller Alec Newman Samuel Westward Aden Immature David Anders Harry Treadaway Helen McCrory Raul Julia James McAvoy Tim Back-scratch Factor Wilder
Voiced past	Charlie Tahan
In-universe data
Nickname	Dr. Frankenstein, Heinrich "Henry" von Frankenstein (1931 film), Mad scientist
Gender	Male person
Occupation	Scientist
Family	Parents: Alphonse Frankenstein (father) Caroline Beaufort (mother) Siblings: Ernest Frankenstein (younger brother) William Frankenstein (youngest blood brother) Elizabeth Lavenza (adoptive sis) Descendants: Frankenstein'due south monster (cosmos)
Spouse	Elizabeth Lavenza (adoptive sis/wife)
Religion	Christian (Roman Cosmic)
Origin	Naples, Italy
Nationality	Italian-Swiss

Victor Frankenstein is the protagonist in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel, Frankenstein; or, The Modernistic Prometheus. He is an Italian-Swiss scientist (built-in in Naples, Italy) who, after studying chemical processes and the decay of living things, gains an insight into the cosmos of life and gives life to his own creature (often referred to as Frankenstein's monster, or often colloquially referred to equally simply "Frankenstein"). Victor later regrets meddling with nature through his creation, as he inadvertently endangers his own life and the lives of his family unit and friends when the creature seeks revenge against him. He is kickoff introduced in the novel when he is seeking to catch the monster near the Northward Pole and is saved from near death by Robert Walton and his crew.

Some aspects of the character are believed to take been inspired by 17th-century alchemist Johann Konrad Dippel. Certainly, the author and people in her environs were enlightened of the experiment on electricity and dead tissues by Luigi Galvani and his nephew Antonio Aldini and the work of Alessandro Volta at the University of Pavia.^{[ commendation needed ]}

Origin of the character [edit]

Percy Shelley, Mary's husband, served as a significant influence for the character. Victor was a pen proper name of Percy Shelley's, as in the collection of poetry he wrote with his sister Elizabeth, Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire.^[1] There is speculation that Percy was ane of Mary Shelley'due south models for Victor Frankenstein; while a student at Eton Higher, he had "experimented with electricity and magnetism every bit well as with gunpowder and numerous chemical reactions", and his rooms at the Academy of Oxford were filled with scientific equipment.^[2] Percy Shelley was the first-born son of a wealthy, politically connected country squire, and a descendant of Sir Bysshe Shelley, 1st Baronet of Castle Goring, and Richard Fitzalan, tenth Earl of Arundel.^[iii] As stated in the novel, Frankenstein'due south family is one of the most distinguished of the Genevese democracy and his ancestors were counselors and syndics. Percy Shelley'southward sister and Frankenstein'south adopted sister were both named Elizabeth. On 22 February 1815, Mary Shelley delivered a infant 2 months premature; the child died two weeks later on.^[4] The question of Frankenstein'south responsibility to the creature – in some ways like that of a parent to a kid – is one of the main themes of the book.

One of the characters of François-Félix Nogaret [fr]'s novella Le Miroir des événements actuels ou la Belle au plus offrant, published in 1790, is an inventor named "Wak-wik-vauk-an-son-frankésteïn",^[5] and so abridged equally "Frankésteïn", merely there is no proof Shelley had read it.^[6]|volume=20}}</ref>

History [edit]

Victor Frankenstein was born in Naples, Italian republic (co-ordinate to the 1831 edition of Shelley's novel) with his Swiss family.^[7] He was the son of Alphonse Frankenstein and Caroline Beaufort, who died of scarlet fever when Victor was 17.^[8] He describes his ancestry thus: "I am by nativity a Genevese; and my family is one of the most distinguished of that commonwealth. My ancestors had been for many years counsellors and syndics; and my father had filled several public situations with honour and reputation."^[9] Frankenstein has 2 younger brothers—William, the youngest, and Ernest, the middle child.^[10] Frankenstein falls in love with Elizabeth Lavenza, who became his adoptive sister (his claret cousin in the 1818 edition) and, eventually, his fiancée.^[11]

As a boy, Frankenstein is interested in the works of alchemists such as Cornelius Agrippa, Paracelsus, and Albertus Magnus, and he longs to discover the fabulous elixir of life. At the historic period of xv, he loses interest in both these pursuits and in science equally a whole later he sees a tree destroyed by a lightning strike and a scientist explains the theory of electricity to him. It seems to him as if nothing can really exist known about the world, and he instead devotes himself to studying mathematics, which he describes every bit "being built upon secure foundations."^[12] However, at the Academy of Ingolstadt in Bavaria, Frankenstein develops a fondness for chemical science,^[12] and inside two years, his commitment and scientific power allow him to make discoveries that earn him admiration at the university. He then becomes curious most the nature of life and his studies lead him to a miraculous discovery that enables him to create life in inanimate matter.^[xiii]

Assembling a humanoid creature through ambiguous ways, Frankenstein successfully brings it to life, but he is horrified by the creature's ugliness.^[14] He flees from his creation, who disappears^[14] and, after several negative encounters with the locals, swears revenge on his creator.^[15] When William is establish murdered, Frankenstein knows instantly that his creation is the killer,^[10] but says naught. The Frankensteins' housekeeper, Justine, is blamed for the male child's death and executed; Frankenstein is wracked with guilt simply does not come forward with the truth because he thinks no one will believe his story, and he is afraid of the reactions such a story would provoke.^[16]

The creature approaches Frankenstein and begs him to create a female person companion for him.^[17] Frankenstein agrees, but ultimately destroys this creation, fearing the idea of a race of monsters. Enraged, the animal swears revenge; he kills Henry Clerval, Frankenstein's best friend, and promises Frankenstein, "I shall be with yous on your wedding night."^[eighteen] The fauna keeps his hope by strangling Elizabeth on her matrimonial bed. Within a few days, Frankenstein's father dies of grief.^[19] With null else left to live for, Frankenstein dedicates his life to destroying the creature.^[20]

Frankenstein pursues the "fiend" or "Demon" (as he calls his cosmos) to the Arctic, intending to destroy it. Although he is rescued by a ship attempting an trek to the Northward Pole, he dies subsequently relating his tale to the ship's captain, Robert Walton. His creature, upon discovering the expiry of his creator, is overcome by sorrow and guilt and vows to commit suicide by burning himself alive in "the Northernmost extremity of the earth;" he then disappears, never to exist seen or heard from again.^[20]

Characterization [edit]

While many subsequent film adaptations (notably the 1931 movie Frankenstein and the Hammer Films series starring Peter Cushing) have portrayed Frankenstein every bit the prototypical "mad scientist", the novel portrayed him as a tragic figure.

In the book, Frankenstein has many characteristics of a great scientist. At a immature age, he has the initiative to study natural philosophy and mathematics. ^[12] Every bit an developed, he attributes his accomplishments in chemistry to the effort he put into the discipline, rather than his intelligence.^[13] Frankenstein also has nifty marvel well-nigh the world, and even recalls that some of his primeval memories were his realizations about the laws of nature.^[12] It is his curiosity nigh the cause of life that leads him to creating the monster.^[xiii]

Obsession plays a major role in the development of Frankenstein's graphic symbol. First, as a child, he is obsessed with reading books on alchemy, star divination, and other pseudo-sciences.^[12] Afterward, equally a swain, he often spends the entire night working in his laboratory. He then becomes enthralled with the study of life sciences - mainly dealing with death and the reanimation of corpses.^[13] Finally, later on the monster is created, Frankenstein is consumed with guilt, despair, and regret, leading him to obsess over the nature of his creation.

In other media [edit]

Books [edit]

Besides the original novel, the character also appears or is mentioned in other books from pastiches to parodies.

• In the book Frankenstein's Aunt, the Baron's aunt comes to Frankenstein's castle to put information technology back in order, following the anarchy acquired by her nephew's experiments. In the novel Frankenstein's Aunt Returns, Frankenstein has created a child for the monster and his bride.
• In Dean Koontz's Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein – now going by the allonym of Victor Helios – has survived into the present, now living in New Orleans while arranging for the creation of his 'New Race' of humanity, at present growing his creations in tanks after acquiring funding from the likes of Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin and Fidel Castro over the centuries. His creations are mentally and emotionally defective, even so, and Helios is forced to kill them, all while convinced that it is due to a flaw in his process rather than beingness able to acknowledge that his own warped views are the reasons his creations break down due to the hopelessness of their lives and inability to observe their own purpose. He is opposed in his 'quest' by his original cosmos – now called Deucalion, who has mastered the ability to teleport due to the unique circumstances of his creation – and 2 New Orleans detectives.
• In Kenneth Oppel'due south novel This Dark Endeavor and its sequel Such Wicked Intent, Frankenstein is portrayed as a 16-yr-old aspiring scientist who creates his own creature from the torso of his deceased twin brother, Konrad.

In the 2001 Curtis Jobling book, Frankenstein'due south True cat, it features Frankenstein, sometime before creating his monster, creating a cat called Nine (named because he was made out of nine cats). This book was afterwards adjusted into a television series in 2007.

Film [edit]

• Victor Frankenstein's first appearance on screen was in a 1910 film (produced by Thomas Edison) in which he seemed more than of a magician.
• The character'southward first significant film appearance was in Universal Pictures' 1931 film adaptation, directed by James Whale. Here, the grapheme is renamed Henry Frankenstein (a subsequently film shows his tombstone begetting the proper name Heinrich von Frankenstein) and is played by British actor Colin Clive opposite Boris Karloff equally the monster. Clive reprised his office in the 1935 sequel, Bride of Frankenstein, which reunited Clive, Whale and Karloff, also as first giving Frankenstein the official title of Businesswoman. Although the graphic symbol is not present in the following sequels due to Clive'southward death in 1937, an oil painting of Frankenstein (every bit portrayed by Clive) appears in 1939'southward Son of Frankenstein; he is besides the championship graphic symbol, in spite of having only a cameo, in The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942), where his ghost is portrayed by Cedric Hardwicke (who besides plays Henry's son Ludwig Frankenstein in the motion picture).

• The graphic symbol gained new life in 1957 when Peter Cushing beginning essayed the office in Hammer Films' The Curse of Frankenstein, opposite Christopher Lee as the Creature. Cushing went on to star as Victor Frankenstein, identified equally a Baron, in five more than films for the studio, with each subsequent movie in the series uncovering different aspects of the character; for example, in 1958'south The Revenge of Frankenstein he shows genuine concern for the patients of the poor hospital he controls, in dissimilarity to the Businesswoman as portrayed in Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed (1969), where Cushing is a ruthless megalomaniac who utilises blackmail, rape and murder to terrorise those around him.
• The 1967 motion-picture show Mad Monster Political party? featured Baron Boris von Frankenstein (voiced by Boris Karloff) who is based on Victor Frankenstein. Boris discovers the secret to total destruction and plans to reveal information technology to the Worldwide Organisation of Monsters while announcing his retirement. He has a nephew named Felix Flanken, whom he claims is the son of his youngest sis (an skilful in witchcraft) and a medicine man, though the film's twist catastrophe reveals him to actually be a sentient automaton built by Boris.
• Afterwards Cushing temporarily retired from the role following 1969'southward Frankenstein Must Exist Destroyed, Hammer decided to reboot the serial for the 1970s. The Horror of Frankenstein was a natural language-in-cheek black comedy remake of The Curse of Frankenstein, which featured Ralph Bates as a younger, "hipper" Baron in the sinister mold of Cushing's interpretation. After the picture show failed to exist the success Hammer had hoped for, they brought Cushing back for one final film, in 1974's Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell.
• The 1972 TV film Mad Mad Mad Monsters (a "prequel of sorts" to Mad Monster Party?) featured Baron Henry von Frankenstein (voiced by Bob McFadden impersonating Boris Karloff). In the Idiot box motion picture, Henry and his assistant Igor construct and bring to life a female person monster, intended to be the original creature's bride. Frankenstein goes to the Transylvania Astoria Hotel in order to make the wedding arrangements.
• Udo Kier played Businesswoman Victor Frankenstein in 1973's Flesh for Frankenstein. This version of the grapheme is a series killer who is married to his own sis.
• Leonard Whiting played Victor Frankenstein in Frankenstein: The True Story (1973).
• Robert Foxworth played Victor Frankenstein in a 1973 television adaptation Frankenstein.
• In Mel Brooks' 1974 comedy Young Frankenstein, Gene Wilder portrays Frederick Frankenstein, grandson of Victor Frankenstein, who inherits the family unit estate, merely is ashamed of his grandad's work (to the point of insisting that his name is pronounced "Fronk-en-steen"). He is ultimately inspired to take upwards the work, eventually creating his own monster (played by Peter Boyle).
• Barrett Oliver portrays a young version of Victor Frankenstein in 1984 short film Frankenweenie, directed by Tim Burton. Charlie Tahan plays Victor in the 2012 animated remake.
• Sting appeared as "Charles" Frankenstein in 1985's The Bride opposite Clancy Brown equally the monster.
• Raul Julia portrayed Frankenstein in Roger Corman'southward Frankenstein Unbound (1990) based on the Brian Aldiss novel.
• In 1992, a Idiot box film adaptation of Frankenstein was produced by David Wickes for Turner Pictures. It starred Patrick Bergin equally Victor and Randy Quaid equally the monster. In this film, Victor clones himself instead of creating the creature from the dead. In this adaptation, Victor and the monster share a psychic link, and tin sense each other's presence.
• Kenneth Branagh reinterpreted the character along the lines of Shelley's portrayal in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994) opposite Robert De Niro every bit the monster.
• In the 1999 animated picture show Alvin and the Chipmunks Encounter Frankenstein, Dr. Frankenstein is the main antagonist voiced by Michael Bell. After secretly creating the monster in a roller coaster, his lab is discovered by the Chipmunks and he sends his creation after them. Later on the animal had not returned, he goes to the Chipmunks' house and kidnaps Alvin. He and then uses a formula that makes Alvin go out of control. After Alvin is returned to normal, Frankenstein, in disguise equally the park's mascot Sammy the Squirrel, tries to assassinate him, only is electrocuted by his own creation. When he regains consciousness, he is unable to get the mask off him. After near the end of the picture, he appears as the theme park's entertainer.
• In the 2004 film Van Helsing, Victor Frankenstein (portrayed by Samuel W) is hired by Count Dracula to create the monster for Dracula to employ to bring his offspring to life. When Frankenstein refuses, Dracula kills him, only to be attacked past the monster. The monster takes Frankenstein'due south torso to the windmill, only an angry mob outside of the castle sees the monster and chases information technology to the windmill. They gear up fire to the windmill in order to kill the monster, just are chased off by Dracula and his brides. The monster survives when the flooring on top of the windmill caves in. The monster – which refers to Frankenstein as his/its male parent – is later used to bring Dracula's offspring to life, only to escape from the castle with help from monster hunter Gabriel Van Helsing.
• The 2004 contained movie Frankenstein features a Victor Frankenstein known as Victor Helios (portrayed by Thomas Kretschmann), who has used his own research to extend his life into the modernistic day, where he continues his experiments to create life with the goal of replacing humanity with his own creatures. He is opposed past his original creation, who is determined to defeat his creator while being hampered by a mental 'block' Helios has installed in all his creatures to prevent them from harming him.
• The 2004 Hallmark TV production of Frankenstein starred Alec Newman every bit Victor Frankenstein opposite of Luke Goss as the monster.
• The 2007 movie Frankenstein introduces Victoria Frankenstein. Instead of making the beast out of corpses, she uses stalk cells, intending to use her experiment to save her dying son. The experiment goes wrong, however, and the creature escapes. When Frankenstein catches up with the monster, she comes to love information technology because it is her merely remaining link to her son who has since died.
• Victor Frankenstein briefly appears in the 2014 moving picture I, Frankenstein, in which he is played by Aden Immature.
• Victor Frankenstein was portrayed by James McAvoy in the 2015 film Victor Frankenstein. In this version, he rescues Igor (Daniel Radcliffe) - formerly an unnamed hunchback from a circus who impressed Victor with his exceptional cocky-taught medical skills - to enlist him as his partner in creating life, later attributing his desire every bit a means of making up for a childhood incident where his elder blood brother died in a blizzard. Although Victor acknowledges that his first man creation has no true spark of life in it, the motion-picture show concludes with him speculating how he shall meliorate on his project in the future.

Television receiver [edit]

• In the serial The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo, an episode titled "Physician Frankenstein" relates the story of Victor Frankenstein and the monster he created. This episode aired on March xiii, 1965.
• Victor Frankenstein is mentioned as the creator of Herman Munster of the series The Munsters, merely does not appear in the series. At Herman and Lily'south wedding ceremony, Frankenstein gave Herman away "with his blueprints." He is currently dead. In "A Visit from Johann," (1966) the episode introduced the great-cracking-grandson of Victor Frankenstein named Victor Frankenstein IV (played by John Abbott).
• In an episode of Star Expedition: The Next Generation, Guinan alludes that she knew Dr. Frankenstein.
• In The Earth's Greatest Super Friends episode "The Super Friends Meet Frankenstein," the Dr. Frankenstein (voiced past Stanley Ralph Ross) that is featured is depicted as the slap-up-great-grandson of the original Dr. Frankenstein who carries on the "family tradition" of creating monsters. He is assisted by an Igor-like henchman named Gore (voiced past Michael Bell). Dr. Frankenstein uses his monsters to take revenge on the Transylvanians for what they did to his ancestor. When he unleashes the classic Frankenstein'due south monster to attack Transylvania, the Super Friends are called in to investigate. When Batman and Robin attack the monster, Dr. Frankenstein orders his creation to lure the Dynamic Duo to his castle in society to trap them. When Batman and Robin brusk-circuit Frankenstein's monster, Dr. Frankenstein arrives and traps them while thanking them for giving him an thought for his next cosmos. Start, Dr. Frankenstein transfers Batman's abilities to the target body. Robin manages to escape and calls in Superman and Wonder Woman. When the arrive, Dr. Frankenstein unleashes on them a tentacled, Kryptonite-powered, tar creature. Dr. Frankenstein and so transfers Superman and Wonder Adult female'southward abilities into the target body for his next monster. Thus creating a blended monster who has Batman's head, greatcoat, and genius-level intellect, Superman'due south trunk and super abilities, and Wonder Woman's magic lasso, magic bracelets, and telepathic powers. Dr. Frankenstein sends his Super-Monster to attack Europe while Robin and Gleek free Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman. With aid from the Austrian Free energy Enquiry Institute, Robin undergoes the same experiment that created the Super-Monster granting him the powers of Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman. Robin and the Super-Monster are evenly matched until Robin dons a lead suit and exposes the Super-Monster to Kryptonite. Robin defeats the Super-Monster while Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, and Gleek auscultate Dr. Frankenstein and Gore followed by them regaining their powers by reversing the experiment.
• Victor Frankenstein appears in The Transformers episode "Autobot Spike," voiced by Frank Welker. The Autobots come across him in a Frankenstein movie.
• The Animated Goggle box series Toonsylvania features a Dr. Frankenstein
• The humorous TV series Frankenstein's Aunt features a Dr. Frankenstein who creates a typical Frankenstein's monster. As in the Universal Pictures' 1931 picture adaptation, the character is renamed Henry Frankenstein (portrayed by Bolek Polívka).
• In ABC'south fairy tale drama series Once Upon a Time, Dr. Frankenstein (David Anders), originally from a fictional German-themed world called the Land Without Color, is i of many characters brought to the Storybrooke by the Evil Queen under the alias Dr. Whale, named for director James Whale,^[21] and serves as a recurring character throughout the show's run. He works at the local hospital, and was responsible for creating the show'southward version of the monster when he tries to resurrect his dead brother, Gerhardt.
• The Adult Swim blithe serial Mary Shelley's Frankenhole features Dr. Victor Frankenstein (voiced by Jeff B. Davis) and other characters from both the novel Frankenstein and other classic horror films. Frankenstein is depicted as beingness a narcissist who, after drinking an immortality serum he invented, has lived for more than than a thousand years. He has developed the technology to connect his hamlet to diverse points in time, called Frankenholes, that permit various people from history to time travel to visit him in the hopes he will do some sort of miraculous surgery to set up physical and mental flaws.
• The 2014 Starting time serial Penny Dreadful depicts Dr. Victor Frankenstein (played by Harry Treadaway) equally a immature morgue worker in England during the late 1800s. He creates his monster Caliban (played by Rory Kinnear) past attaching a cadaver to a system of circuits and running electricity through it during a lightning storm. Unlike other adaptions, Victor creates two more creations: Proteus and Lily.

Theatre [edit]

• The 2007 Off-Broadway musical, Frankenstein – A New Musical portrays Victor Frankenstein as the naïve young educatee of Mary Shelley's original novel.
• In 2011 the stage adaptation Frankenstein (by Nick Dear) directed by Oscar winner Danny Boyle premiered at the Majestic National Theatre in London, starring Bridegroom Cumberbatch and Jonny Lee Miller, who swapped the roles of Frankenstein and his creature at his representation. The play won numerous awards and massive acclamation from critics and audiences, was recorded alive twice to capture both sets of functioning, and has been broadcast to cinemas around the world as a function of the National Theatre Live programme.^[22]
• Also in 2011, a unique, musical adaptation called Frankenstein's Nuptials: Alive in Leeds was performed in forepart of a grouping of 12,000 at the Kirkstall Abbey. It incorporated footage, filmed prior to the performance, focusing more often than not on Frankenstein (played by Andrew Gower) and his creation of the animal, with the live show focusing mainly on Frankenstein'southward wedding to Liz (played by Lacey Turner), and the tragic story that follows. The bear witness also starred Mark Williams as Alphonse Frankenstein, and David Harewood as The Creature. The show was broadcast live on BBC 3 on 9 March.

Reckoner and video games [edit]

• Victor Frankenstein appears in the 1995 graphic take chances estimator game Frankenstein: Through the Eyes of the Monster played by Tim Curry in live-action footage that is integrated into the gameplay graphics.
• Victor Frankenstein's in-universe analog or ancestor "Friedrich von Frankenstein" is mentioned multiple times throughout Castlevania: Lords of Shadow'south main story. Before he died, the Vampire Lord Carmilla had promised to make him suffer for his creations and had carried it out after becoming undead. One of his creations appears equally a boss, but unlike the monster, it's a metallic, scorpion-like animate being that has no hint of humanity simply a large amount of durability.^[23] In the first DLC expansion of the main story you find Friedrich'south decayed fingers in jars spread out in the Vampire Lord's castle, although y'all can just find 6 of them.
• Victor Frankenstein is one of the main characters of the Japanese dating sim for females, Code: Realize ~Guardian of Rebirth~ and its sequels (Code: Realize ~Future Blessings~ & Code: Realize ~Wintertide Miracles~).

Web [edit]

• A 2014 ongoing web series Frankenstein, M.D., created by PBS Digital Studios and Pemberley Digital, focuses on Victoria Frankenstein, a medical pupil determined to prove herself in her field. This series gender-swaps several characters—Elizabeth becomes Eli Lavenza and Henry becomes Rory Clerval.

Ballet [edit]

• In 2016, The Royal Ballet^[24] and The San Francisco Ballet^[25] co-produced an adaptation of Mary Shelley's novel. The evening-length ballet was choreographed and led by the former Majestic Ballet principal dancer and Artist in Residence of The Royal Ballet, Liam Scarlett. The ballet features music past Lowell Liebermann, set design by John Macfarlane, lighting by David Finn, and production design by Finn Ross. Information technology held its world premiere at The Majestic Ballet's Covent Garden on four May 2016 and the SF Ballet premiere on 17 February 2017.

See also [edit]

• Frankenstein in popular civilization

References [edit]

1. ^ Sandy, Mark (2002-09-xx). "Original Poetry past Victor and Cazire". The Literary Encyclopedia. The Literary Dictionary Visitor. Archived from the original on 2006-11-08. Retrieved 2007-01-02 .
2. ^ "Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822)". Romantic Natural History. Department of English, Dickinson College. Archived from the original on 2006-08-16. Retrieved 2007-01-02 .
3. ^ Percy Shelley#Ancestry
4. ^ "Journal 6 December – Very Unwell. Shelley & Clary walk out, as usual, to heaps of places...A letter from Hookham to say that Harriet has been brought to bed of a son and heir. Shelley writes a number of round letters on this event, which ought to be ushered in with ringing of bells, etc., for it is the son of his married woman." Quoted in Spark, 39.
5. ^ Original text Archived 2018-01-05 at the Wayback Motorcar on Gallica.
6. ^ Douthwaite, Julia 5.; Richter, Daniel (2009). "The Frankenstein of the French Revolution: Nogaret'southward automaton tale of 1790". European Romantic Review. twenty (3): 381–411. doi:ten.1080/10509580902986369. S2CID 143492105.
7. ^ Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (three ed.). Chapter I.
8. ^ Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (iii ed.). Chapter III.
9. ^ Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein; or, The Modernistic Prometheus Chapter 1 (get-go judgement)
10. ^ ^{a b} Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (3 ed.). Chapter Vii.
11. ^ Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (3 ed.). Chapter XXI.
12. ^ ^{a b c d eastward} Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (3 ed.). Chapter II.
13. ^ ^{a b c d} Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (3 ed.). Affiliate IV.
14. ^ ^{a b} Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (3 ed.). Affiliate V.
15. ^ Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (three ed.). Chapter XVI.
16. ^ Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (3 ed.). Chapter Viii.
17. ^ Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (iii ed.). Affiliate X.
18. ^ Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (three ed.). Chapter XX.
19. ^ Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (3 ed.). Affiliate XXIII.
20. ^ ^{a b} Shelley, Mary (1831). Frankenstein (iii ed.). Chapter XXIV.
21. ^ Once Upon a Fourth dimension - Behind the Magic, Titan Books, London, October 2013, p. 162. Facsimile by Google Books.
    "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-04-xv. Retrieved 2017-07-27 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived re-create as title (link)
22. ^ "National Theatre Live programme / Broadcasts - FRANKENSTEIN - with Benedict Cumberbatch & Jonny Lee Miller - (directed by Danny Boyle)". National Theatre Live. 2013. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved xi September 2013.
23. ^ Noble Wolf (10 July 2011). "Castlevania: Lords of Shadow The Picture Episode 10". Archived from the original on 2021-11-17 – via YouTube.
24. ^ "Frankenstein — Productions — Royal Opera House". www.roh.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2018-03-28 .
25. ^ "San Francisco Ballet - Product". www.sfballet.org. Archived from the original on 2018-03-29. Retrieved 2018-03-28 .

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Frankenstein

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